Approaches to Planning and Design of Health Care Facilities in Dveloping Areas WHO Offset Publication No. 91 Vol. 5
İÇİNDEKİLERAcknowledgements................................... 3Introduction...................................... 5 PART ONE: DETERMINANTS IN THE PLANNING OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES 1. The place of facilities in national health systems . . . .. . . . . . . . 9 2.Thenationalsetting.................................15 Low-incomecountries..............................15 Affluent developing countries ...... . . . . .. 17 Socialist developing countries . . .. . . . . . . . 18 3. National machinery for the physical planning of health care facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 The structures involved in physical planning . . . . . 21 The process of physical planning . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 4. Technical tools for the physical planning of health care facilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Type programmes and norms for design . . . . . . . . 27 Type plans....................................30 Norms for selected indicators . . . . . . . . . .. . . 36 Cost estimates.................................37 Guiding principles for the remodelling of existing buildings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 PART TWO: EXPERIENCE OF HEALTH CARE FACILITIES IN USE 1. Access, catchment areas, and sites .. . . . . . . . 41 2. Buildings: general design and its impact on functions, economy, and flexibility . . . . . . . . . 43 Regional hospitals................................43 District hospitals................................53 Rural hospitals and maternity centres . . . . . . 62 Large health centres...............................65 Small health centres...............................67 Rural health posts................................77 3. Construction materials and techniques, and building maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 4. Basic installations and equipment, and their maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87 Fresh water supply...............................87 Sewage and waste disposal systems . . . . . . . . 88 Electricity supply................................89 Ventilation, air-conditioning, and lighting . . . . . 89 Fireprecautions.................................92 Medical and other equipment . . . . . . . . . . . 93 Means of communication.........................95 Conclusions......................................97 Annex 1. Evaluating health care facilities: The methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101  |
