Freedom of Association
İÇİNDEKİLERContents PageIntroduction......... 1 Preliminary considerations 5 Paragraphs 1. Procedure in respect of the Committee on Freedom of Association and the social partners................................. 1-31 Function of the ILO and mandate of the Committee on Freedom of Association ....................................... 1-9 Fundamental obligations of member States in respect of human and trade union rights .................................. 10-19 Obligations of governments relating to the procedure of the Committee on Freedom of Association............................... 20-23 Principles of the Committee on Freedom of Association relating to the functions of organizations of workers and of employers ............. 24-31 2. Trade union rights and civil liberties........................ 32-204 General principles..................................... 32-44 Right to life, security and the physical and moral integrity of the person........................................ 45-63 The sentencing of trade unionists to imprisonment................. 64-66 System of education through labour.......................... 67-68 Arrest and detention of trade unionists........................ 69-84 Preventive detention and judicial safeguards..................... 85-98 Detentions during a state of emergency........................ 99-101 Guarantee of due process of law............................ 102-119 Special bodies and summary procedures....................... 120-121 Freedom of movement.................................. 122-129 Rights of assembly and demonstration........................ 130-151 1. Meetings of organizations in their premises and in relation to labour disputes................................. 130-131 2. Public meetings and demonstrations.................... 132-149 3. International trade union meetings...................... 150-151 Freedom of opinion and expression . 152-169 - Paragraphs 1. General principles ............................... 152-158 2. Authorization and censorship of publications............... 159-163 3. Publications of a political character .................... 164-167 4. Seizure of publications ............................ 168-169 Freedom of speech at the International Labour Conference ........... 170 Protection against disclosure of information on trade union membership and activities........................................ 171-173 Protection of trade union premises and property .................. 174-185 State of emergency and the exercise of trade union rights ............ 186-199 Questions of a political nature affecting trade union rights............ 200-204 3. Right of workers and employers, without distinction whatsoever, to establish organizations without previous authorization........... 205-270 General principles..................................... 205-207 Distinctions based on race, political opinion or nationality............ 208-211 Distinctions based on occupational category..................... 212-241 1. Public servants................................. 212-218 2. Members of the armed forces and the police............... 219-222 3. Civilian staff in the armed forces...................... 223-224 4. Agricultural workers.............................. 225-226 5. Plantation workers............................... 227 6. Employees of airlines............................. 228 7. Hospital personnel............................... 229 8. Managerial and supervisory staff...................... 230-234 9. Self-employed workers and the liberal professions ........... 235 10. Temporary workers .............................. 236 11. Workers undergoing a period of work probation ............ 237-238 12. Concessionaries (sales agents)........................ 239 13. Workers in export processing zones.................... 240-241 Other distinctions ..................................... 242-243 Requirement of previous authorization ........................ 244-246 Legal formalities for the establishment of organizations.............. 247-250 Requirements for the establishment of organizations (minimum number of members, etc.)..................................... 251-258 Registration of organizations .............................. 259-270 4. Right of workers and employers freely to establish and join organizations of their own choosing......................... 271 -330 Principles of trade union structure and unity..................... 271-300 Sanctions imposed for attempting to establish organizations ........... 301-302 Favouritism or discrimination in respect of particular organizations ...... 303-308 Admissible privileges for most representative unions ............... 309-315 Paragraphs Right to join organizations of their own choosing ................. 316-320 Union security clauses .................................. 321-330 5. Free functioning of organizations. Right to draw up constitutions and rules.......................................... 331-349 Principles relating to legislation in this respect and interference by the authorities ....................................... 331-345 Model constitutions.................................... 346 Racial discrimination................................... 347 Relations between first-level trade unions and higher-level organizations . . . 348-349 6. Right to elect representatives in full freedom .................. 350-415 General principles..................................... 350-367 Racial discrimination ................................... 368 Employment in the profession or enterprise..................... 369-374 Duration of membership of the organization...................... 375-376 Political opinions or activities.............................. 377-380 Moral standing of candidates for office........................ 381 Nationality ......................................... 382 Criminal record .............................,........ 383-387 Re-election ......................................... 388-389 Obligation to participate in ballots........................... 390-391 Intervention by the authorities in trade union elections .............. 392-402 Challenges to trade union elections .......................... 403-406 Removal of executive committees and the placing of trade unions under control........................................ 407-415 7. Right of organizations to organize their administration............ 416-446 Internal administration of organizations........................ 418-422 Control over the internal activities of trade unions................. 423-427 Financial administration of organizations....................... 428-446 ' 1. Financial independence in respect of the public authorities...... 428-433 2. Union dues ................................... 434-437 3. Control and restrictions on the use of trade union funds........ 438-446 8. Right of organizations freely to organize their activities and to formulate their programmes ............................. 447-472 General principles..................................... 447-448 Political activities and relations............................. 449-458 Other activities of trade union organizations (protest activities, sit-ins, public demonstrations, etc.).......................... 459-472 Paragraphs 9. Right to strike....................................... 473-605 Importance of the right to strike and entitlement to exercise the right..... 473-478 Objective of the strike (strikes on economic and social issues, political strikes, solidarity strikes, etc.) ............................. 479-489 Scope of the strike .................................... 490-495 Various types of strike action........................,..... 496-497 Prerequisites ........................................ 498-514 Recourse to compulsory arbitration .......................... 515-521 Responsibility for declaring a strike illegal...................... 522-525 Cases in which strikes may be restricted or even prohibited, and compensatory guarantees................................. 526-553 1. Acute national emergency .......................... 527-530 2. Public service.................................. 531-539 3. Essential services................................ 540-545 4. Compensatory guarantees in the event of the prohibition of strikes in the public service or in essential services............... 546-553 Situations in which a minimum service may be imposed to guarantee the safety of persons and equipment (minimum safety service)............ 554-555 Situations and conditions under which a minimum operational service could be required ..................................... 556-562 Examples of when the Committee has considered that the conditions were met for requiring a minimum operational service.................. 563-568 Non-compliance with minimum service........................ 569 Back-to-work orders, the hiring of workers during a strike, requisitioning orders ............................................ 570-577 Interference by the authorities during the course of the strike.......... 578 Police intervention during the course of the strike................. 579-582 Pickets............................................ 583-587 Wage deductions...................................... 588-589 Sanctions .......................................... 590-604 1. In the event of a legitimate strike...................... 590-597 2. Cases of abuse while exercising the right to strike........... 598-600 3. In cases of peaceful strikes.......................... 601-603 4. Large-scale sanctions ............................. 604 Discrimination in favour of non-strikers ....................... 605 10. Right of workers' and employers' organizations to establish federations and confederations and to affiliate with international organizations of employers and workers................................. 606-659 Establishment of federations and confederations .................. 606-620 Rights of federations and confederations....................... 621 Affiliation with international organizations of workers and employers..... 622-648 ---Paragraphs 1. General principles............................... 622-626 2. Intervention by the public authorities ................... 627-628 3. Consequences of international affiliation ................. 629-648 Participation in ILO meetings.............................. 649-659 11. Dissolution and suspension of organizations ................... 660-689 Voluntary dissolution................................... 660 Dissolution on account of insufficient membership................. 661-663 Dissolution and suspension by administrative authority.............. 664-674 Dissolution by legislative measures or decree.................... 675-676 Intervention by the judicial authorities ........................ 677-683 Use made of the assets of organizations that are dissolved............ 684-689 1. General principles ............................... 684-686 2. Transition to a situation of trade union pluralism............ 687-689 12. Protection against anti-union discrimination ................... 690-758 General principles..................................... 690-700 Acts of discrimination .................................. 701-723 Trade union leaders and representatives ....................... 724-736 Need for rapid and effective protection............;........... 737-754 Reinstatement of trade unionists in their jobs .................... 755-757 Discrimination against employers ........................... 758 13. Protection against acts of interference....................... 759-780 Solidarist associations................................... 772-780 1. Definition .................................... 772-773 2. Safeguards to prevent them carrying out trade union activities .... 774-780 14. Collective bargaining .................................. 781-923 The right to bargain collectively............................ 781-784 Collective bargaining with representatives of non-unionized workers...... 785-791 The workers and matters covered by collective bargaining............ 792-813 The principle of bargaining in good faith....................... 814-818 Recognition of the most representative organizations ............... 819-843 The principle of free and voluntary negotiation................... 844-859 1. Level of bargaining .............................. 851-857 2. Voluntary nature of procedures designed to facilitate bargaining . . . 858-859 Restrictions on the principle of free and voluntary bargaining.......... 860-903 1. Compulsory arbitration............................ 860-865 2. Intervention by the authorities in collective bargaining......... 866-903 Paragraphs (a) The drafting of collective agreements ................ 866-868 (b) Administrative approval of freely concluded collective agreements and the national economic policy............ 869-874 (c) Administrative or legislative interventions which prevent compliance with currently applicable collective agreements or require the renegotiation of existing collective agreements . . 875-880 (d) Compulsory extension of the period for which collective agreements are in force......................... 881 (e) Restrictions imposed by the authorities on future collective bargaining ................................. 882-890 (f) Restrictions on clauses to index wages to the cost of living . . . 891-892 (g) Budgetary powers and collective bargaining ............ 893-901 (h) Other forms of intervention by the authorities ........... 902-903 Time-limits for bargaining................................ 904 Duration of collective agreements........................... 905 Extension of collective agreements .......................... 906-909 Relationship between individual employment contracts and collective agreements ......................................... 910-912 Incentives to workers to give up the right to collective bargaining....... 913 Closure of the enterprise and application of the collective agreement ..... 914 Relationship between ILO Conventions........................ 915-923 15. Consultation with the organizations of workers and employers....... 924^941 General principles..................................... 924-928 Consultation during the preparation and formulation of legislation ....... 929-933 Consultation and employment flexibility ....................... 934 Consultation and processes of restructuring, rationalization and staff reduction .......................................... 935-940 Consultation and the modification of bargaining structures............ 941 16. Participation of organizations of workers and employers on various bodies and in various procedures .......................... 942-949 17. Facilities for workers' representatives ....................... 950-961 General principles..................................... 950-951 Representation functions................................. 952 Collection of dues..................................... 953 Access to the workplace................................. 954-957 Facilities on plantations ................................. 958-959 Facilities in the event of staff reductions....................... 960-961 18. Conflicts within the trade union movement.................... 962-974 Contents xi Page Annexes I. Procedures of the Fact-Finding and Conciliation Commission and the Committee on Freedom of Association for the examination of complaints alleging violations of freedom of association........... 207 II. Chronological index of cases ........................... 219  |
