Survey Research Practice
İÇİNDEKİLERContents Authorship and Acknowledgements CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION CHAPTER 2. UNSTRUCTURED DESIGN WORK A Qualitative Approach The Communication Process Encouraging people to talk Questioning techniques Group or individual interviews? Sampling and Recruitment The selection method Recruiting a discussion group Data Collection Conducting a depth interview Leading a group discussion Recording, Transcription and Analysis CHAPTER 3. QUESTIONNAIRE CONSTRUCTION The Construction Process Quantifying Attitudes and Behaviour Problems of memory Problems of sensitivity Indirect questioning Open-ended questioning Formulating attitude scales Complex preference questioning Questions that are Difficult to Ask Catch-all questions Long questions and tongue-twisters Over-use of show cards Questions that are Difficult to Answer Unfamiliar words and phrases Generalizations and abstractions Negatives Hypothetical questions Questions that Invite Distortion Leading questions Secondary questions Principles of Layout Promoting fluent questioning Facilitating accurate recording Assisting economical transfer Pilot Work CHAPTER 4. SAMPLING Identifying the Survey Population The Principles of Sampling Estimating population values Bias and precision Sample size Systematic sampling Proportionate stratification Disproportionate stratification Clustering Sampling with probability proportionate to size Sampling error estimation Achieving Population Coverage Sampling frames Non-response General Population Samples Sampling constituencies and wards Electoral registers Selecting a sample of households Selecting a sample of individuals Selecting an individual from a household or address Rating lists Samples of Minority Populations Geographically concentrated minorities Sampling occupational groups Sampling continuous flows Non-probability Sampling Methods CHAPTER 5. INTERVIEWING Preparatory Work Route and call planning Locating addresses Giving advance notification Setting up the Interview The approach and introduction Getting beyond the first contact Gaining co-operation Setting the scene The Interview Playing a constructive role Avoiding bias Probing Recording the answers CHAPTER 6. ORGANIZING FIELDWORK Recruitment Qualities needed for interviewing Advertising for interviewers Screening and selecting applicants Training and Briefing Basic training Project briefings Field Control Interviewer allocation Administrative documents Monitoring progress Maximizing response Paying interviewers Quality Checks The supervisor's role Other checking procedures CHAPTER 7. POSTAL SURVEY PROCEDURES Self-completion Questionnaires Uses Design and layout Maximizing Response Levels The initial mailing The covering letter Reminders and follow-ups Use of incentives Coping with non-response Mechanics of Postal Surveys Supplies required Preparation of the mail-out Monitoring response and issuing reminders CHAPTER 8. DATA PREPARATION The Processes Involved Organization of the work Quality control Data transfer Editing Editing functions Checks to be made Computer edit procedures Coding Compiling a coding frame Multi-coding Linked codes Identification codes CHAPTER 9. CLASSIFYING RESPONDENTS Individual Classifications Sex, age and marital status Activity status Personal income Education Household Classifications Household size and structure Socio-economic group Household vehicle ownership Accommodation Classifications Tenure Type of accommodation Persons per room Amenities Geographical Classifications Region Type of area Asking Classification Questions CHAPTER 10. CAVEATS AND CONCLUSIONS Bibliography Appendix Examples of Questionnaires Index NOTLARPaperback ISBN 0 45 82419 8 |
