The Use of Viruses for the Control of Insect Pests and Disease Vectors
İÇİNDEKİLERCONTENTS Page 1. Introduction 2. Current problems and priorities for the use of insect viruses to control pests and disease vectors 2.1 Agriculture and forestry 2.2 Human and veterinary public health 2.3 Production and application of insect viruses 2.4 Training of personnel 3. Characteristics and specificity of insect viruses 3.1 Identification and characterization 3.2 In vivo specificity for insects 3.2.1 Infection by ingestion 3.2.2 Infection by intrahaemocoelic injection 3.3 In vitro specificity for tissue cultures 3.3.1 Cell cultures derived from invertebrates 3.3.2 Cell cultures derived from vertebrates 3.4 Possible interactions between insect viruses and vertebrates 4. Safety considerations and possible hazards in the use of insect viruses 4.1 Present evidence of safety 4.2 Possible hazards 4.2.1 Man and other vertebrates 4.2.2 The environment and insect ecosystems 5. Stages of development and regulation of an insect virus as a control agent 5.1 Discovery and characterization of a candidate virus 5.2 Safety tests and limited field trials 5.3 Large-scale testing 6. Conclusions 7. Recommendations 7.1 Priorities 7.2 Conditions for safe use 7.3 Technology of production and application 7.4 Field monitoring 7.5 Information 7.6 Special recommendations Annex 1. Guidelines proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency for safety evaluation of microbial agents in the USA Annex 2. Protocols followed by the Insect Pathology Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, for safety testing of insect viruses NOTLARTechnical Report Series No.531, FAO agricultural Studies No.91 Report of a Joint FAO/WHO Meeting on Insect Viruses Geneva, 22-27 November 1972 |
