Poverty And The Development Of Anti-Poverty Policy In The UK
İÇİNDEKİLERContents Preface 1 Factors in the Development of United Kingdom Anti-Poverty Policies, 1950-1980 The social and economic context, 1950-80 The political context Theories of poverty and their influence on policy Definitions of poverty 2 The Distribution of Income and the Extent of Income Poverty Original income, cash transfers and net income 'Equivalent'incomes Post-income redistribution The distribution of assets Counting the poor: variability of the estimates Changes over time in the extent of .poverty.. Demographic characteristics of the poor Geographical variations in poverty Economic characteristics of the poor Taxes, benefits and poverty Poverty and other disadvantages 3 Low Pay and Poverty Recognition of the problem Defining low pay How many low paid? Who are the low paid? Poverty, low pay and the development of low pay policies Policies on low pay - the individual approach Policies on low pay - the collective bargaining approach Policies on low pay - the anti-discrimination approachvi Poverty and the Development of Anti-Poverty Policy in the United Kingdon Policies on low pay - state intervention Policies on low pay - the social security approach Future directions for low pay policy 4 Unemployment The registered unemployed - numbers and distribution The relationship between unemployment and poverty Policies on unemployment - some background Managing unemployment - job creation and job protectic Managing unemployment - improving access to jobs Managing unemployment - some comments Managing the unemployed - social security Future directions for policies on unemployment 5 The Social Security System Early development, 1908-1948 Deficiencies in the postwar social security system Social security and poverty The use of earnings-related benefits to combat poverty an ease economic dislocation The use of non-contributory benefits to fill gaps in the system Encouraging the growth of occupational welfare The use of means tested benefits - social assistance Establishing and maintaining the adequacy of social security benefits Future directions for social security policy 6 Housing and Poverty The ownership of housing Housing problems in the United Kingdom The incidence of housing disadvantage Housing disadvantage and poverty General features of housing policy Policies on housing disadvantage Policies on the costs of housing Policy on security of tenure Housing for special groups Future directions for housing policy 7 Health and Poverty Historical background The persistence of health disparities Policies to reduce health disparities - the re-allocation of health resources Policies to reduce disparities - improving the utilisation of the NHS by low income patients Policies to reduce disparities - improved conditions of work for manual workers Policies to reduce disparities - prevention Policies for special groups Future directions for health policy 8 Education and Poverty Historical background The relationship between education and poverty The background to education policy Policies to reduce disparities - providing for additional educational needs Policies to reduce disparities - compensating for cultural deficits Policies to reduce disparities - removing financial barriers Policies to reduce disparities - re-organising the education system Policies to reduce disparities - re-allocation of resources Future directions for educational policy 9 Three Decades of Anti-Poverty Policy The individual approach The population group approach Area based policies Nationally based policies The partnership between voluntary organisations and the state in the development of anti-poverty policy A new poverty problem - fuel poverty Some general comments  |
