Sulfur Oxides and Suspended Particulate Matter
İÇİNDEKİLERENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA FOR SULFUR OXIDES AND SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTERSUMMARY AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER RESEARCH AND ACTION 1 1 Summary 1.1.1 Chemistry and analytical methods 1.1.2 Sources of sulfur oxides and particulate matter 1.1.3 Dispersion and environmental transformations 1.1.4 Environmental concentrations and exposures 1.1.5 Absorption, distribution, and elimination 116 Effects on experimental animals 1.1.7 Effects on man 1.1.7.1 Controlled exposures 1.1.7.2 Industrial exposure 1.1.7.3 Community exposure 1.1.8 Evaluation of health risks 1.1 Recommendations for further research and action 1 CHEMISTRY AND ANALYTICAL METHODS 1 '. Chemical and physical properties 111 Sulfur oxides 112 Suspended particulate matter 2.2. Methods of sampling and analysis 2.21. Sulfur dioxide 2.2.2 Suspended sulfates and sulfuric acid 1.2.3 Suspended particulate matter 2.2.4 Dustfall (deposited matter) 3. SOURCES OF SULFUR OXIDES AND PARTICULATE MATTER 3.1 Natural occurrence 3.2 Man-made sources 3.3 Chara ceteristics of sources 4 DISPERSION AND ENVIRONMENTAL TRANSFORMATIONS 4.1 Dispersion 4.2 Transformation and degradation 5. ENVIRONMENTAL CONCENTRATIONS AND EXPOSURES 5.1.Concentrations in outdoor air 5.2.Concentrations in indoor air 5.3.Concentrations in work places 5.4.Assessment of exposures 6. ABSORPTION, DISTRIBUTION, AND ELIMINATION 6.1.Absorption and deposition in the respkatory tract 6.1.1. Sulfur dioxide 6.1.2. Airborne particles 6.2 Clearance from the respiratory tract and distribution 6.2.1. Sulfur dioxide 6.2.2.Particulate matter 7. EFFECTS ON EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS 7.1 Short-term exposure studies 7.1.1. Exposure to sulfur dioxide are other agents 7.1.2 Exposure to sulfuric acid aerosolos or suspended sulfates 7.2 Long-term exposure studies 7.2.1 Exposure to sulfur dioxide 7.2.2 Exposure to sulfuric acid aerosols 7.2.3 Exposure to a mixture of sulfur dioxide and s ulfuric acid aerosols or this mixture combined with other agents 7.2.4 Combined exposure to sulfur dioxide and particulate matter or other gaseous pollutants 8. EFFECTS ON MAN 8.1 Controlled exposures 8.1.1 Effects on respiratory organs 8.1.1.1 Exposure to sulfur dioxide 8.1.1.2 Exposure to sulfuric acid aerosols 8.1.1.3. Exposure to mixtures of sulfur dioxide and other compounds 8.1.2 Effects on sensory or reflex functions 8.2 Industrial exposure 8.2.1 Exposure to sulfur dioxide singly or in combination with particulate matter 8.2.2 Exposure to sulfuric acid mist 8.3 Community exposure 8.3.1 Mortality - effects of short-term exposures 8.3.2 Mortality - effects of long-term exposures 8.3.3 Morbidity - effects of short-term exposures 8.3.4 Morbidity in adults - effects of long-term exposures 8.3.5 Morbidity in children 8.3.6 CHESS studies 8.3.7 Lung cancer and air pollution 8.3.8 Annoyance 8.4 Exposure-effect relationships 9. EVALUATION OF HEALTH RISKS FROM EXPOSURE TO SULFUR OXIDES, SMOKE, AND SUSPENDED PARTICULATE MATTER 9.1 Exposure levels 9.2 Experimental animal studies 9.3 Controlled studies in man 9.4 Effects of industrial exposures 9.5 Effects of community exposures 9.6 Guidelines for the protection of public health REFERENCES NOTLARENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH CRITERIA 8 |
