Documenting discrimination against migrant workers in the labour market
İÇİNDEKİLERCONTENTSPreface Introduction Recent migration trends in Europe Migrants and the labour markets of western Europe Why discrimination is a problem Moral considerations Social considerations Economic considerations The ILO research project Organization of the study A note on terminology Migrant workers and ethnic minorities Discrimination A note on gender 1 The research methodology Situation testing and other methods of measuring discrimination Laboratory tests Attitude surveys Observation Interviews with managers Victimization experiments Victim surveys Situation testing Strengths and limitations of situation testing in comparison with other methods Previous situation testing research The ILO project: the need for international, comparative research Documenting discrimination against migrant workers Potential research variables Size of establishments Public and private sectors Ethnic groups Gender Jobs and educational level Regional concentration of immigrants Economic variation Selecting research variables General description of the technique Selection and preparation of the testers The selection procedure Training Handling psychological problems The tests Finding vacancies Statistical analysis and sample size The application process Which test results represent discrimination? Supervision A note on ethical considerations 2 The occurrence of discrimination in Belgium Immigration and the socio-economic position of migrant and ethnic minority groups Description of the testing procedure Presentation of the situation test findings Results of the sample as a whole Test findings differentiated by region Test findings differentiated by economic sector . . . Test findings differentiated by type of occupation . Test findings differentiated by type of contact Summary 3 The occurrence of discrimination in Germany A net immigration country of long standing . . . Description of the testing procedure Presentation of the situation test findings Results of the sample as a whole Test findings differentiated by economic sector . . . Test findings differentiated by type of occupation . Test findings differentiated by size of establishment Summary 4 The occurrence of discrimination in the Netherlands From a defacto to a de jure net immigration country . . . Description of the testing procedure Presentation of the situation test findings Results of the sample as a whole Test findings differentiated by economic sector . . . Summary 5 The occurrence of discrimination in Spain A new migrant-receiving country Description of the testing procedure Presentation of the situation test findings Results of the sample as a whole Test findings differentiated by region Test findings differentiated by economic sector Characteristics of the establishments offering employment Summary 6 Cross-country analysis of the research findings The occurrence of discrimination Regional differences in the occurrence of discrimination The occurrence of discrimination differentiated by economic sector Discrimination by type of occupation Discrimination by size of establishment and ownership Discussion 7 The way forward: Achieving equality for migrant and ethnic minority workers Legislating against discrimination Essential elements of anti-discrimination legislation Training in non-discrimination Essential elements of anti-discrimination training . . Conclusion Documenting discrimination against migrant workers Bibliography Figures 1.1 Stages in the application procedure 6.1 Net discrimination by country and by stage 6.2 Net discrimination by economic sector (only findings that met the statistical criteria) Tables 1.1 Foreign resident population in western Europe, 1950-1990 (in thousands and by percentage of total population) 2.1 Results of situation tests in Belgium by region 2.2 Results of Belgian situation tests: Treatment that is apparently equal but in reality different 23 Results of Belgian situation tests by economic sector (stages 1, 2, and 3 combined) 2.4 Results of Belgian situation tests by type of occupation 2.5 Results of Belgian situation tests by type of contract 3.1 Results of situation tests in Germany 3.2 Results of German situation tests by economic sector (stages 1 and 2 combined) 3.3 Results of German situation tests by type of occupation (service sector only) 3.4 Results of German situation tests by size of establishment 4.1 Results of situation tests in the Netherlands 4.2 Results of Dutch situation tests: Treatment that is apparently equal but in reality different 4.3 Results of Dutch situation tests by economic sector 5.1 Results of situation tests in Spain by region 5.2 Results of Spanish situation tests: Treatment that is apparently equal but in reality different 5.3 Results of Spanish situation tests by economic sector 6.1 Discrimination in the service sector 6.2 Number of job offers obtained NOTLARA comparative study of four European countries |
