Population Planning
İÇİNDEKİLERContentsIntroduction 1 1. Emergence of an Urgent World Problem 10 Mortality 11 • Natality 13 • International Migration 15 • Population Projections 15 • Population Density 17 • Age Structure 21 • New and Old Demographic Transitions Compared 24 • Sources and Limitations of Birth and Death Data 27 • Summary 29 2. Population and the Quality of Life 31 Definitions of the Quality of Life 33 • Population Size and Density and the Quality of Life 35 • Population Growth and the Quality of Life 39 • Population Growth and Individuals 61 • Summary 65 3. Final Paths to Natality 68 Theoretical Maxima for Natality 68 • Pregnancy Outcome and Its Primary Determinants 72 • Fecundity and Its Primary Determinants 75 • Natural Fecundability and Sterility 77 • Intercourse and Its Primary Determinants 84 • Natality Changes Resulting from Changes in Final Determinants 91 • Relevance for Population Planning 92 4. Determinants of Natality 97 A Model of the Determinants of Natality 97 • Determinants of Marital Status 100 . Determinants of Birth Control Use ' 108 « Determinants of Lactation 140 • Norms and Fertility 148 • Costs and Benefits of Children 149 • Summary 152 5. National Population Policies 155 Definitions 155 • Historical Background 162 • Population Policies Today 166 • Population Policy Development 176 • Explicit Population Policy 192 • Summary 194 6. International Population Activities 195 Multilateral International Assistance 200 • Bilateral International Assistance 208 • Problems in International Assistance 210 . Summary 212 7. Birth Planning Services 214 Program Beginnings 215 « Program Planning: Operational Goals and Needs 221 • Program Operation: Resource Utilization 230 • Training Programs 251 • Direct Economic Incentives for Birth Planning 252 • Program Performance 254 • Summary 267 8. Communications and Education Programs 268 Summary of Communications Research 269 • Summary of Relevant Research on Education 271 • Summary of Selected Research on Behavior and Attitude 278 • The Communications and Education Program Plan 283 • Communications Programs 285 • Education Programs 292 • An Evaluative View 306 • Summary 310 9. Administration and Organization 312 Intrinsic Constraints on Administration 313 • Position in Administrative Structure 314 • Leadership 318 • Autonomy 319 . Centralization of Authority 319 • Participation of Other Organizations 320 • Administrative Requirements in Birth Planning 320 . Planning 329 • Operating 331 • Evaluation 332 • Effect of Administration on Achievement 334 • Summary 339 10. Costs and Benefits 340 Monetary Costs of Family Planning Programs 342 • International Financial Support 348 • Benefits of Family Planning Programs 353 • Benefit-Cost Analysis 362 • Summary 367 11. New Approaches 368 Marriage 369 « Lactation 375 • Indirect Measures 378 • Summary 410 12. Population Stabilization 413 Demographic Implications 415 • Consequences for Quality of Life 417 • To Achieve Population Stabilization 419 • Summary 429 References 430 Index 481  |
