THE APPAREL INDUSTRY AND CODES OF CONDUCT: A Solution to the International Child Labor Problem?
İÇİNDEKİLERTable of Contents Executive SummaryI. Introduction A. Overview B. International Child Labor C. Child Labor in the Apparel Sector D. Codes of Conduct: A Recent Innovation II. Codes of Conduct in the U.S. Apparel Industry A. Introduction B. Corporate Codes of Conduct 1. Earlier Origins of Codes of Conduct 2. Rationale for Adopting Codes of Conduct 3. Extent of Usage of Codes of Conduct C. The Apparel Industry 1. Structure of the Industry 2. United States Apparel Imports a. Imports by Source b. Imports by Type of Importer 3. Globalization and Working Conditions in Exporting Countries D. Codes of Conduct of the Largest U.S. Retailers and Manufacturers of Apparel 1. Survey of U.S. Retailers and Manufacturers of Apparel 2. Survey Response a. Manufacturers b. Retailers 3. Survey Results a. Manufacturers b. Department Stores c. Mass Merchandisers d. Specialty Stores e. Non-Store/Direct Apparel Marketers E. Development of Apparel Industry Codes of Conduct 1 Form and Method of Development of Codes of Conduct 2. Basic Elements/Standards of Codes of Conduct 3. Definitions a. Minimum Age b Additional Elements of the Child Labor Policies F. Implementation of Apparel Industry Codes of Conduct 1. Implementation Challenges a. Organization of Production b. Streamlining of Supplier Base c. Impact of Textile Import Restrictions 2. Transparency a. Education/Communication b. Transparency of Implementation Process 3. Monitoring a. Monitoring of Codes of Conduct in the Apparel Industry i. Models of Active Monitoring Internal Monitoring External Monitoring Outside Audits NGO Monitoring ii. Active Monitoring iii. Contractual Monitoring b. Evaluation of Prospective Contractors 4. Enforcement III. Implementation Experiences of Codes of Conduct in the U.S. Apparel Industry A. Introduction B. Field Visits 1. Planning of Field Visits a. U.S. Apparel importers b. Labor Organizations c. Department of State d. Foreign Governments 2. Conduct of Field Visits 3. Plant Visits C. Child Labor in the Apparel Industry D. Transparency 1. Foreign Suppliers' Awareness About Codes of Conduct 2. Training and Supplier Certification 3. Posting of Codes of Conduct 4. Workers' Awareness with Codes of Conduct 5. Dissemination of Codes of Conduct E. Monitoring 1. Monitoring for Quality a. Purpose of Monitoring b. Previous Knowledge About Monitoring Visits c. Pre-Contract Inspections 2. Monitoring for Codes of Conduct a. Monitoring Methods b. Active Monitoring c. Contractual Monitoring d. Contractual and Active Monitoring 3. Monitoring Procedures F. Enforcement 1. Corrective Measures 2. Positive Reinforcement IV. Conclusion Child Labor in the Apparel Industry Codes of Conduct in the U.S. Apparel Industry Transparency of Codes of Conduct in the Apparel Industry Monitoring and Enforcement of Codes of Conduct in the Apparel Industry Recommendations Appendices Appendix A: List of Companies Surveyed Appendix B: Company Questionnaire Appendix C: Codes of Conduct Provided by Companies Surveyed Appendix D: Site Visits Appendix E: U.S. Apparel Imports, by Region and Country (1985-1995) Appendix F: ILO Convention 138  |
