Methods used in establishing permissible levels in occupational exposure to harmful agents
İÇİNDEKİLERCONTENTS1. Introduction 2. Uptake/response relationship 2.1 " Uptake " compared with " concentration " 2.2 Uptake/effect and uptake/response relationships 2.3 Models of uptake/response relationships . . . 3. Methods used in setting health-based permissible levels . 3.1 Minimum requirements 3.2 Preliminary studies 3.3 Animal experiments 3.4 Observations on humans 4. Interpreting data on uptake/response relationships 4.1 Effects and responses considered 4.2 Extrapolation from basic information to permissible levels . . 4.3 Detection and evaluation of harmful agents in the workplace 5. Health recommendations and national decision-making a 5.1 Concepts of health 5.2 Technical factors 5.3 Economic factors 5.4 Current mechanisms in decision-making 5.5 Re-examination of permissible levels 5.6 Supplementary actions 5.7 Presentation of standards 6. Heat and noise 6.1 Occupational exposure to heat . 6.2 Occupational exposure to noise 7. Application of permissible levels in developing countries 7.1 Conditions affecting the adoption and application of permissible levels 7.2 Administrative constraints 7.3 Foreign industries in developing countries 7.4 Need for the early application of permissible levels 8. Areas in which further knowledge is needed 9. Conclusions 10. Recommendations 10.1 Recommendations to governments 10.2 Recommendations to occupational health institutions 10.3 Recommendations to WHO Annex 1. Arbitrary classification of toxicity . Annex 2. Classification of irritant effects Annex 3. Extrapolation from a chronic exposure test for carcinogenicity Annex 4. Types of scientific information utilized in one country in the development of permissible levels, with examples of substances . NOTLARReport of a WHO Expert Committee with the participation of ILO |
