Gender And Jobs
İÇİNDEKİLERCONTENTSAcknowledgements Part I: Introduction and background 1. Introduction 1.1 Background 1.2 Special aspects of this book 1.3 Indications of international concern 1.4 Why occupational segregation of men and women is an important topic 1.5 Should occupational segregation by sex be completely eliminated? 1.6 Occupational segregation is not always bad for women and good for men 1.7 Difference between sex and gender 1.8 Usefulness of cross-national analysis 1.9 Description of contents of this book 2. Theories and explanations for occupational segregation by sex 2.1 Neoclassical, human capital model 2.2 Institutional and labour market segmentation theories 2.3 Feminist (gender) theories and other explanations 2.4 Female-male pay differentials and occupational segregation by sex 3. Review of cross-national studies of occupational segregation by sex Part II: Description of study data and occupational segregation statistics 4. Comparability of data between countries and within countries over time 4.1 Country coverage 4.2 Data sources 4.3 Worker coverage 4.4 Definition and measurement of employment 4.5 Rules and procedures for coding occupations 4.6 National classifications of occupations 4.7 Comparability over time of national occupational classifications and of adjusted data 4.8 Consistency and possible errors in national data 5. Measuring occupational segregation 5.1 Inequality indices for measuring occupational segregation by sex 5.2 Dividing the labour force into gender-dominated and gender-integrated occupations Appendix 5.1 Intuitive meaning of the index of dissimilarity (ID) 6. Sensitivity of segregation statistics to degree of disaggregation in occupational classification 6.1 Study evidence on sensitivity of inequality statistics to degree of disaggregation in occupational classification 6.2 Estimating adjusted national ID values with increased comparability by taking into account number of occupations in national classification 6.3 Study evidence on the relationship between percentage of workers in female-dominated and male-dominated occupations to degree of detail in occupational classification Appendix 6.1 International standard classification of occupations (ISCO-68) 7. Description of study regions 7.1 OECD countries 7.2 Transition Economies 7.3 Middle East and North Africa 7.4 Asia/Pacific ' 7.5 Other Developing Countries and Areas' Part III: Occupational segregation around the world-The present situation 8. Occupational segregation by sex based on data for six non-agricultural occupations 8.1 Occupational structure based on six major non-agricultural occupations 8.2 Occupational segregation by sex for six major non-agricultural occupations 9. Occupational segregation by sex based on detailed occupational data: Inequality indices 9.1 Index of dissimilarity (ID) and occupational segregation by sex in the world today 9.2 Socio-economic, labour market and regional determinants of occupational segregation (as measured by ID75) 9.3 Occupational segregation by sex in the world if one assumed that one-half of the labour force is female and that supposedly non-working women are in fact working in a new occupation entitled "unpaid housepersons and care-givers" Appendix 9.1 Estimation of adjusted ID (i.e. ID75) 10. Occupational segregation by sex based on detailed occupational data: Extent to which occupations are male-dominated or female-dominated 10.1 Extensiveness of gender-dominated occupations based on unadjusted study data 10.2 Adjusting national data to increase cross-national comparability 10.3 Male workers and male-dominated occupations 10.4 Female workers and female-dominated occupations 10.5 Total non-agricultural labour force and gender-dominated occupations Appendix 10.1 Estimation of adjusting national values to 75 non-agricultural occupations for percentage of female non-agricultural labour force in female- dominated occupations (FDOM75), male non-agricultural labour force in male-dominated occupations (MDOM75) and total non-agricultural labour force in gender-dominated occupations (TDOM75) by taking into account the level of disaggregation in national occupational classifications Appendix 10.2 Extent to which occupations are gender-concentrated, gender-integrated and gender-underrepresented using a relative concept of gender dominance Appendix 10.3 Percentage of male, female and total non-agricultural labour forces with occupations having between 77.50 and 82.49 per cent of workers either males or females 11. Occupations typically held by men and women 11.1 Seventeen typical "male" and "female" occupations 11.2 Five largest female-dominated occupations 11.3 Five largest occupations for women 12. Patterns in occupational segregation by sex based on combinations of different inequality statistics 12.1 Correlations between inequality statistics 12.2 Factor analysis and patterns of inequality statistics 12.3 Regional patterns in inequality statistics 12.4 OECD subregional patterns in inequality statistics Appendix 12.1 Extent to which gender-dominated occupations are comprised of male-dominated or female-dominated occupations Part IV: Occupational segregation by sex around the world-changes in the past two decades 13. Recent changes in occupational segregation by sex based on inequality indices 13.1 Recent changes in occupational segregation by sex as measured by adjusted index of dissimilarity (ID) 13.2 Extent to which changes in ID are due to changes in the feminization of occupations or changes in the occupational structure of employment 13.3 Recent changes in occupational segregation by sex as measured by marginal matching index (MM) 13.4 Recent changes in occupational segregation by sex as measured by IDHALF 13.5 Regression analysis of the relationship between changes in ID and labour market variables Appendix 13.1 Changes in standardized ID due to changes in the sex composition of occupations (which assume that all occupations are the same size) Appendix 13.2 Changes in Marginal Matching index 14. Recent changes in the extent to which male and female non-agricultural labour forces are in gender-dominated occupations 14.1 Recent changes for male-dominated non-agricultural occupations 14.2 Recent changes for female-dominated non-agricultural occupations 15. Recent changes in the feminization of 17 important "male" and "female" occupations 15.1 Changes in the feminization of eight typical "male" occupations 15.2 Changes in the feminization of nine typical "female" occupations Part V: Main findings 16. Summary and conclusion 16.1 Importance of topic 16.2 Background on earlier studies and objectives of this book 16.3 Some major methodological findings 16.4 Some major findings for occupational segregation by sex in the world today 16.5 Some major findings for recent changes in occupational segregation by sex in the world 16.6 Concluding remarks Bibliography Index NOTLARSex segregation of occupations in the world |
