Youth Unemployment And Employment

Kitap : Youth Unemployment And Employment

Yazar : * Niall O'Higgins

Dil : İngilizce

Bölüm : Çocuk Emeği

Yayın Yeri : Geneva

ISSN : 92-2-111348-1

Yayın Tarihi : Ocak 2001

Yayıncı : International Labour Offıce Geneva

Tür : Kitap

Kitap No : 1126

İÇİNDEKİLER

Abbreviations
Introduction Part I The problem
1.YOUTH unemployment
1.1 A global concern
1.2 Defining youth
1.3 Youth and adult unemployment
1.4 Key questions and issues
2.The characteristics of youth unemployment
2.1 A youth labour market?
What is unemployment? Is this "the problem"?
2.2. Which young people?
Teenagers versus young adults
Women versus men
Ethnic origin
Young people with disabilities
Regionall disparities
Education /skills levels
2.3 Concluding uding remarks
3.The Causes and consequences of youth unemployment
3.1 The causes
Aggregate demand
Wages
Wages versus aggregate demand
Size of the youth labour force
3.2 Does it matter? The consequences
3.3 The implications

Part II Policy
4 Youth policy: General issues
4.1 Coordination and linkages
4.2 Youth and the ILO
4.3 Youth and the international policy context
5 Labour market information, monitoring and evaluation
5.1 Labour market information
5.2 Monitoring
What is monitoring?
The requirements of monitoring
The role of monitoring
5.3 Evaluation
Non-experimental methods: Gross outcome
Weakly expenmentai evaluation: The use of comparison groups
Quasi-experimental evaluation
Highly experimental evaluation
Which type of evaluation?
5.4 The role of information in the design and implementation of labour market policies for young people
6 The minimum wage and youth employment
6.1 Minimum wages employment and productivity
6.2 The effects of a minimum wage on youth employment
6.3 Youth minimum wages and international labour standards
6.4 The practice in selected countries
6.5 Concluding remarks
7 Education and training systems
7.1 Education and training system models The sequential versus the dual system School versus the workplace Certification What works?
7.2 Germany's dual system Strengths Weaknesses
7.3 Concluding remarks: Lessons to be learned
8 Active labour market policy
8.1 Policies that promote wage employment Policy issues
ALMP and youth unemployment: The United Kingdom The New Deal: A new start? ALMP and youth unemployment: Jamaica
8.2 Policies that promote self-employment
Promotion and introduction of the self-employment option
Skills training
Mentor support
Finance
Access to work space
Business expansion support
Creating support networks .
Further design issues -
8.3 Programmes for disadvantaged young people The personal dimension The labour market dimension Skills mismatch Considerations for policy-makers and practitioners
8.4 Concluding remarks and policy recommendations
9 The role of employers' and workers' organizations
9.1 School/industry linkages
Training in schools and workplaces
Placements and sponsorship
Other school/employment links
9.2 Active labour market policy
9.3 Guaranteeing training
9.4 International action
9.5 Potential problems
9.6 Policy implications
Part III Towards an effective response
10 Conclusions and recommendations Appendices
1 ILO instruments containing standards regarding youth
2 ILO resolution concerning youth employment
3 Selected active labour market programmes for young people
Bibliography Index
List of tables
2.1 Unemployment rates and non-employment rates for 18-year-old majes in
selected OECD countries, with rankings, 1997 12 Unemployment/population ratio and unemployment rate of 15- to
19-year-olds, with rankings, 1998 3.1 Elasticity of youth unemployment rates with respect to the adult
unemployment rate and the youth/adult population ratio, with country
and time-fixed effects

3.2 Annual average growth rates of the labour force in developing
regions. 1990-2010
5.1 Hypothetical example of post-programme outcomes
6.1 Summary of the principal empirical results of studies earned out in the United States
6.2 Summary of the principal empirical results of studies carried out in France
6.3 Summary of the principal empirical results of studies in a selection of other countries
6.4 Categorization of selected countries according to the status of young
workers in relation to the minimum wage 8.1 The effects of the United Kingdom's Youth Training Scheme on the
probability of employment for an "average" individual one year after
programme completion
List of figures
1.1 Unemployment rates by age in the OECD countries. 1980-98 1.2 Jamaica: Unemployment rates by age, 1975-95
2.1 Unemployment rates by age in selected countries. 1998
2.2 Ratio of female-to-male youth (15-24) unemployment rates in selected countries. 1998
2.3 Ratio of female-to-male youth (15-24) unemployment rates in the OECD countries, 1981-98
2.4 United Republic of Tanzania: Unemployment rates by age and sex, 1990-91
2.5 India: Youth urban and rural unemployment rates, 1993-94
2.6 Chile: Youth unemployment rates by sex. 1986-95
2.7 Jamaica: Ratio of female-to-male unemployment rates by age. 1975-95
2.8 United Kingdom: Unemployment and labour force participation rates by age and disability, winter 1994-95
2.9 Unemployment rates by level of education in selected countries and territories. 1996
2.10 Indonesia: Unemployment and labour force participation rate by level of education. 1993
2.11 Indonesia: Youth unemployment rates by level of education. 1993
3.1 Youth labour force by region 1950-2010
3.2 Youth/adult population ratio by region. 1950-2010
3.3 Proportion of the unemployed (young people and adults) in long-term
unemployment in the OECD countries. 1997 5.1 The roie of monitoring in policy design and implementation
6.1 The effect of the minimum wage in a competitive model
6.2 The effect of the minimum wage in a non-competitive model
7.1 Ratio of youth (15-24) to adult (25-54) unemployment rates in the OECD countries. 1998
7.2 The German education system