Child Labour In India
İÇİNDEKİLERCONTENTSList of Statements List of Figures List of Tables Acknowledgements Map 1: Position of Gujarat in India, 1991 Map 2: Position of Survey Districts in Gujarat REFLECTIONS AND A SUMMARY OF IMPORTANT RESULTS Reflections A Summary of Important Results 1. INTRODUCTION Background The Scheme of the Indian Study Field Work for Household Survey Estimation Procedure Some Field Experiences 2. CONCEPTS, DEFINITIONS AND PROCEDURES Concepts and Procedures Adopted Classification According to Usual Status Approach Classification According to Current Weekly Status Approach Status of Work Activity Pursued by Persons Not in the Labour Force Definitions Household-Level VariablesChild Labour ın Surendranagar and Si HOUSEHOLDS AND POPULATION ACCORDING TO THE SURVEY Distribution of Households and Population, Household Size and Children Distribution of Households by Number of Children in the Household and Number of Working Children Distribution of Households by Child Labour Status Key Characteristics of Children USUAL STATUS EMPLOYMENT Distribution of Population by Broad Usual Activity Worker Population Ratios Child Workers as Percent of Total Work Force Status of Workers Industrial Distribution of Usually Working Children Distribution of Usually Working Children by Occupation Informal and Formal Sectors Tenurial Status of Work Place of Work Distance to the Place of Work Means of Commutation to the Place of Work Second Work Activity Status of Second Work Activity Versus Principal Work Activity Concerns of Policy Makers Schooling and Working Work and Other Activities Working Conditions of Children Engaged as Regular Employees Participation of Children in Selected Activities Benefiting their Hhouseholds Poverty and Child LabourContents 5. UNDEREMPLOYMENT AMONG USUAL PRINCIPAL STATUS WORKERS Number of Months Worked in a Year Part-Time Workers Availability for Additional Work Availability for Alternative Work 6. CHILD WORKERSEMPLOYMENT ACCORDING TO THE CURRENT STATUS CONCEPT Distribution of Population Worker Population Ratios (WPRs) According to Weekly Status Hours Worked During the Reference Week AvaflabilitY for Additional Work During the Week Activities of Persons Not in Labour Force Unemployment Rates Current and Usual Work 7. PROBLEMS. OF SCHOOLING School- Attendance Reasons for Never Attending School Reasons for Dropping-Out Universal Primary Education as a Means of Elimination of Child Labour 8. PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF WORKING CHILDREN : VIEWS OF THEIR OWN AND PARENTS Views of Working Children Parents' Views Differentials in the Results Relating to Questions on Views of Working Children by Informantiv Child Labour in Surendranagar and 9. COMMUNITY CHARACTERISTICS AND ACTIVITIES OF CHILDREN Illiteracy Level of a Village and Slums in Urban Areas Percentage of Usually Working Children by Illiteracy Level in the Village and SlumNon-Slum Residence in Urban Areas Percentage of Children Currently Attending a School and of Those Who Never Attended a School by Illiteracy Level in the Village and SlumNon-Slum Residence in Urban Areas Drop Out Rates by Illiteracy Level in the Village and SlumNon-Slum Residence in Urban Areas Size of Villages in Terms of Population Proximity to Schools with Higher Levels of Education Proximity to Bus Station Conclusion 10. DETERMINANTS OF CHILDREN'S PARTICIPATION IN WORK : A LOGISTIC REGRESSION ANALYSIS Individual-Level Variables Household-Level Variables Design Factors Determinants of Child Labour Choice of Wage Labour by Children Choice of Unpaid Household Labour by ChildrenContents 11. ENTERPRISE SURVEY Introduction Initial Scheme for the Enterprise Survey and the Outcome Problems Faced in the Survey of Enterprises Distribution of Enterprises Surveyed by Type Location of Enterprises Surveyed Distribution of Enterprises by Type and Number of Young Workers Engaged Wages Non-Wage Benefits Given to Young Workers Training School Attendance Method of Recruitment and Reasons for Hiring Child Workers Satisfaction and Future Plans Toilet Facility, First Aid etc. Payment of Advance and Mode of its Recovery Other Features Child Labour in Selected Industries: Some Field Level Observations 12. METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES Need for a Multi Round Survey Literacy Level as a Basis of Stratification of Population Time Use Data The Survey Instruments Questionnaire Versus Schedule Approach Enterprise Survey Street Childrenvi Child Labour in Surendranagar and Su APPENDIX TABLES A 1 Distribution of Children (5-14) by School Attendance and Work Status for Different Household Characteristics 2 A2 Percentage of Children (5-14) Currently Attending a School and of Children Who Never Attended a School, and Drop-Out Rates by Sex and Different Household Characteristics 2 ANNEXURES 1 Some Key Characteristics of Surendranagar and SuRat Districts and GujaRat State, According to 1981 and 1991 Censuses 2 2 Facsimile of the Schedule - List of Households and Village Particulars 3 Facsimile of the Schedule - Household Survey on Activity Particulars of Children 4 Facsimile of the Schedule - Survey of Enterprises: Employment and Related Particulars  |
