By The Sweat & Toil Of Children
İÇİNDEKİLERExecutive SummaryIntroduction A. Overview B. International Standards on Child Labor C. Recent International Developments on Child Labor D. Initiatives to Combat Child Labor 1. Child Labor Law and Enforcement 2. Education Initiatives 3. Targeted Efforts to Combat Child Labor E. Methodology 1. Public Hearings 2. Field Visits 3. Other Reports and Materials H. Child Labor: An Assessment of the Problem A. Overview B. Background C. Country Data on Child Labor D. Children in Hazardous Work 1. Agriculture 2. Fishing 3. Manufacturing 4. Mining and Quarrying 5. Services a. Domestic Workers b. Commercial Sex Workers c. Other Forms of Child Labor in the Service Sector III. Legislation and Enforcement Efforts A. Overview B. Current Child Labor Laws 1. Ages 2. Coverage 3. Regulation of Working Minors 4. Fines C. Current Enforcement of Child Labor Laws 1. Enforcement Strategies 2. Obstacles to Effective Enforcement D. Efforts to Strengthen Laws and Enforcement 1. Legislation 2. Implementation and Enforcement IV. Access to Primary Education A. Overview B. Education Laws and Policies 1. Education and Child Labor Laws C. Education Data 1. Educational Attainment 2. Expenditures on Education D. Factors Limiting Attainment of Primary Education 1. Work and Schooling 2. Lack of Educational Infrastructure and Services 3. Education in Rural Areas 4. Gender and Ethnicity Issues E. Education Initiatives 1. Improvements in Educational Infrastructure and Services 2. Alternative Education for Working Children a. Back-to-School Programs b. Flexible Schedules 3. Economic Incentives a. Meals for Children b. Food Distribution to Families c. School Vouchers d. Cash Stipends V. Targeted Initiatives to Combat Child Labor A. Overview B. Industry or Sector-Specific Initiatives 1. Agriculture 2. Manufacturing and Quarrying 3- Services C. Multi-Sector Initiatives D. Summary Comments VI. Conclusion A. Child Labor in the World B. The Importance of Reliable Child Labor Data C. Enactment and Enforcement of Child Labor Laws D. Access to Universal Primary Education E. Targeted Child Labor Initiatives F. Final Comments Appendices Appendix A: Site Visits * Appendix B: Child Labor Data Methodology and Sources Appendix C: Examples of Where Children Work Appendix D: Relevant Child Labor Provisions Appendix E: ILO Convention No. 138 Appendix F: UN Convention on the Rights of the Child Vffl. Country Index Tables and Boxes Box 1-1: International Program on the Elimination of Child Labor Table II-l: Child Labor Data Table HI-1: Minimum Ages for Work Table IV- 1: Compulsory Education and Minimum Working Age Table FV-2: Educational Attainment Indicators Table IV-3: Educational Financial Indicators Box V-l: IPEC Members Box V-2: Raising Public Awareness of Child Labor Table B-l: Egypt: Census and Labor Force Sample Surveys Table B-2: : Peru: Economically Active Children Table D-l: ILO Conventions  |
