Services for Cardiovascular Emergencies
İÇİNDEKİLERCONTENTS INTRODUCTION DEFINITION AND MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM..... The need for epidemiological analysis of cardiovascular emergencies Types and frequency of cardiovascular emergencies ....... Acute ischaemic heart disease................ Cerebrovascular diseases.................. Pulmonary embolism................... Other cardiovascular emergencies.............. Variation in emergency care needs............... CLINICAL ASPECTS.............. Acute ischaemic heart disease .......... Severe dysrhythmias (in the absence of infarction) Impending infarction Acute myocardial infarction................. Management and prevention................ Complications of acute myocardial infarction........ Assisted circulation in acute myocardial infarction...... Surgery for established acute myocardial infarction...... Dysrhythmia emergencies.................... Pacing in the treatment of atrioventricular block and other dysrhythmias Pulmonary embolism...................... Arterial hypertension...................... Acute left heart failure and pulmonary oedema .......... Acute cerebrovascular disease.................. Shock (noncardiogenic)..................... Hypokalaemia......................... Emergencies in patients with congenital cardiac malformations Emergencies in patients with valvular heart disease......... Aneurysms of the aorta..................... Rupture of aortic aneurysm ._................ Dissecting aneurysm of the aorta............... Acute occlusion of peripheral arteries .............. Pericardial tamponade..................... Trauma of the heart and major vessels.............. latrogenic emergencies..................... ORGANIZATION............. Establishment of emergency care systems . . Objectives Planning at the national and regional levels Planning at the local level.......Components of emergency services . . . General emergency medical care units Fixed institutional units...... Mobile emergency care units . . . . Coordination............ Evaluation............. EDUCATION . . . Nurses..... Physicians Other groups . . General principles PREVENTION OF CARDIOVASCULAR EMERGENCIES Approaches..................... Prevention of iatrogenic emergencies.......... The prevention of major emergencies.......... RECOMMENDATIONS......................... Annex 1. Proposal for an international cardiovascular patient identity card . . . Annex 2. Standards for cardiopulmonary resuscitation and emergency cardiac care Annex 3. Flow chart of events in a cardiovascular emergency......... Annex 4. Experience with emergency services in two countries........ Annex 5. Education and training of special groups in the community..... Annex 6. Modern educational techniques in training for cardiovascular emergencies ............................  |
