Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health
İÇİNDEKİLERCONTENTS - Supplement 1,1998Preface Dedication to Professor Emeritus Lars Friberg Abbreviations Conclusions 7 Summary 8 Introduction 9 Exposure and dose 9 Occupational exposure 9 Environmental exposure 9 Exposure to cadmium in air 9 Smoking 9 Drinking water 10 Dietary intake 11 Biological indicators of exposure and dose 11 Cadmium kinetics 11 Cadmium in blood 13 Urinary cadmium 14 Cadmium in kidneys 14 Cadmium in placenta 15 Trends in human cadmium exposure 15 Cadmium in crops or wheat 15 Dietary intake of cadmium 16 Blood and urinary cadmium levels 16 Cadmium in kidneys 16 Cadmium in human bone tissue 16 Concluding remarks 17 Risk groups and risk factors for high exposure or dose 17 Environmental exposure 17 Smoking 17 Dietary habits 17 Nutritional factors 18 Women 18 Kidneys 18 Environmental exposure and the kidneys 19 .. Normal kidney function and the early diagnosis of damage from toxic substances 19 Normal function of the kidneys 19 Different types of renal damage 19 Early diagnosis of renal damage and impairment of renal function 20 Cadmium exposure and the kidneys 20 Tubular damage 21 Glomerular damage 21 Kidney stones 22 Vitamin D 22 Dose-response relationship for the development of renal effects and prognosis 22 Environmental exposure to cadmium and renal effects 22 Dose-response analysis 24 Long-term prognosis (Contents continues on page 52 of the supplement) CONTENTS (continued from back cover) 25 Occupational exposure to cadmium and renal effects 25 Dose-response analysis 26 Long-term prognosis 26 Overall evaluation of the risk for renal toxicity from cadmium exposure 28 Mechanisms related to the expression of kidney effect 28 Toxicokinetic aspects on transport of cadmium to the kidney 29 Cellular targets for the cadmium role of membrane damage and protective cadmium-binding proteins 30 Influence of zinc and copper on cadmium nephrotoxicity 30 Cadmium-induced renal tubular damage - increased sensitivity in diabetics 30 Diabetes induced in animals by the injection of streptozotocin 31 Other animal models for diabetes 31 Bone 32 Effects in humans 32 Environmental exposure 33 Increased susceptibility to cadmium-induced bone injury in women 33 Occupational exposure 33 Effects in animals 34 Increased vulnerability to cadmium-induced bone injury among female animals 34 Cancer 34 Lung cancer 34 Human evidence 35 Animal evidence 35 Prostate cancer 35 Human evidence 35 Animal evidence 36 Renal cancer 36 Breast cancer 36 Other cancers 36 Concluding remarks 37 Cardiovascular system 37 Reproductive and developmental effects 37 Male reproductive system 37 Effects on humans 38 Effects on experimental animals 38 Female reproductive system 38 Effects on humans 39 Effects on animals 39 Embryotoxic, teratogenic and developmental effects - animals 40 Summary and concluding remarks 40 Male reproductive system 40 Female reproductive system, teratogenic and developmental effect 41 Risk characterization 43 Discussion of the risk characterization 44 Acknowledgments 44 References  |
